The Papillon originated in the sixteenth century and is one of the oldest breeds in Europe. After being introduced to France, it became a prized possession among the nobility, appearing in royal palaces and the homes of the elite. The long hair on its ears that stands upright is reminiscent of a fluttering butterfly.

    Breed enthusiasts in the United States and the United Kingdom have also been actively involved in breeding this variety. The precise origins of the Papillon cannot be verified; it first appeared in records when a Papillon was bought and sold in 1545. Some believe that its ancestors were a type of spaniel brought from China to Spain. In the sixteenth century, the Papillon became highly favored by the Spanish and French nobility, establishing its status within the dog world.

    Historical associations include notable figures such as Scottish Queen Mary and her beloved Charles Spaniel, as well as Marie Antoinette, who was executed with her Papillon. In the nineteenth century, breeders in France and Belgium focused on developing the upright ear variety. The decorative hair on the ears resembles dancing butterflies, giving the breed its name.

    American and British breeders aimed to produce a smaller version compared to those in other countries. In the sixteenth century, the Papillon was called the Dwarf Spaniel, and such small dogs are often seen in precious ancient paintings or tapestries. During the reign of Louis, larger individuals among the Dwarf Spaniels gradually transitioned from droopy ears to upright ears, with both ears tilting to the sides of the head, resembling two open butterfly wings (Papillon is French for butterfly). The modern Papillon evolved from this.

    Artists like Nobans, Watteau, Fragonard, and Boucher depicted this small dog, and it frequently appeared in portraits of noblewomen, highlighting its popularity. Although it has been exhibited in the U.S. for many years, the Papillon was not officially recognized as a member of the American Kennel Club until the Papillon Club of America was established in 1935.